New research shows that removing the uterus—and especially both ovaries—can come with serious long-term health consequences. A large meta-analysis of over 2 million people found that women who undergo a hysterectomy have a 5 percent higher risk of stroke, while those who also have both ovaries removed face an 18 percent higher risk. The ovaries produce hormones that help regulate cardiovascular health, and their removal can trigger premature menopause, which may partially explain the increased stroke risk. Hysterectomy and oophorectomy are common procedures in the US, often performed for conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, prolapse, or cancer. Historically, removing both ovaries during hysterectomy was more common, but newer evidence suggests this practice carries significant risks for heart and brain health. Studies show that age at surgery, hormone replacement therapy, and individual health factors influence stroke risk, meaning careful patient assessment is essential before surgery.